Hoʻolauna i nā mea biodegradable i hoʻohana mau ʻia

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā koi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻoikaika mau ʻana i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka pollution plastic national, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana biodegradable o Kina i kahi manawa kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

ʻO nā mea biodegradable hou, alakaʻi ʻia e nā plastic biodegradable, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka "pollution keʻokeʻo" o nā plastic disposable, ke hele mai nei i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe.

A laila, makemake au e hoʻolauna i kekahi mau mea biodegradable maʻamau.

PLA

ʻO ka polylactic acid (Poly lactic acid PLA) ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻike ʻia ʻo polylactide, ʻaʻole ia ma ke ʻano a ua polymerized me ka lactic acid ka mea nui.

ʻO ka loina maʻamau, ʻo ia ka saccharified starch maka i ka glucose, a laila hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka glucose a me kekahi mau huakini e hana i ka waika lactic maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, a laila hoʻohui ʻia ka polylactic acid me kahi kaumaha molekala e ka synthesis kemika.

PBAT.

Aia ka PBAT i nā plastic biodegradable thermoplastic. He copolymer o butylene adipate a me butylene terephthalate. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka PBA a me ka PBT. ʻAʻole wale ia he ductility maikaʻi a me ka elongation i ka wā hoʻomaha, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi ke kūpaʻa wela a me nā waiwai hopena. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia ka biodegradability maikaʻi loa.

Ma waena o lākou, hiki ke maʻalahi nā mea maka e like me butanediol, oxalic acid a me PTA a hiki ke hana nui ʻia i nā ʻano he nui, e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe extrusion, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a pēlā aku.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi a hoʻohui ʻia nā huahana plastik biodegradable i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka mākeke nui, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai ka PBAT me PLA. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻeke plastik biodegradable i hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi pālākiō nui ka mea i hui pū ʻia o PLA a me PBAT.

Ka hoʻohālikelike o nā noi lalo ma waena o PBAT a me PLA

PBS.

Kapa ʻia ʻo PBS he polybutylene succinate. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻohana mua ʻo Showa Polymer Company o Iapana i ka isocyanate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui kaulahao a hoʻokō ʻia me ka polyester kaumaha haʻahaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia e Polycondensation o dicarboxylic glycol e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā polymers kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻomaka ka PBS polyester e huki i ka nānā ākea ma ke ʻano he ʻano hou o nā plastic biodegradable. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā polyesters biodegradable kuʻuna, loaʻa iā PBS nā mea maikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kahi helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi a me nā waiwai mechanical. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kāna kumu kumu waiwai ʻaʻole wale mai nā kumu waiwai ʻaila, akā, mai nā kumu waiwai ola fermentation. ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka ʻaila a me nā kumu waiwai ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi hou ʻia, ua nui ka manaʻo o kēia ʻano.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hoʻohālikelike o nā waiwai waiwai ma waena o PBS,PLS,PBAT a me PHA

I kēia manawa, ʻokoʻa nā waiwai waiwai o nā plastic biodegradable maʻamau. ʻO ka PLA ka māliko maikaʻi, ka nani, ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika, akā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa tensile a me ka crystallinity. Loaʻa i ka PBAT nā hiʻohiʻona o ka PBA a me ka PBT, a loaʻa ka ductility maikaʻi a me ka elongation i ka wā hoʻomaha. Akā ʻilihune kona pale mahu wai a me ka pale oxygen. He kūpaʻa wai maikaʻi ʻo PBS, pale wela a me nā waiwai piha, ākea ākea ka puka aniani, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i nā plastic degradable honua. ʻO ka wela deformation wela o PBS kokoke i 100C, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 100C ma hope o ka hoʻololi. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā PBS kekahi mau hemahema e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka lohi crystallization rate. Ma ke ʻano o ka biodegradability, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana degradation PLA, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka PBS a me ka PBAT. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka biodegradation o PLA, PBS a me PBAT ma lalo o nā kūlana, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa pinepine ʻia e nā enzymes a me nā microorganisms i ke kaiapuni o ka compost, ka lepo, ka wai a me ka sludge hana.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka hana ʻana o kahi mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia hoʻokahi mea i loaʻa i kona mau hemahema, akā ma hope o ka copolymerization, ka hui ʻana, nā mea kōkua a me nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke uhi i ka noi o nā plastic disposable e like me PE, PP i loko o ka pahu, textile, disposable tableware. a pela aku.