ʻO ka mea mua, nā hiʻohiʻona: 1、Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa creep kiʻekiʻe, ka torque kiʻekiʻe: pili i nā paipu paipu, nā hui, nā kino valve, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me kekahi mau kaula kūloko no ke kākoʻo a me ka pale. 2、Ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka pale hydrolysis, ka pale ʻana o UV: nā mea lapaʻau ...
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