ʻO nā polymers maikaʻi loa - nā polymers e kaulike ana i nā waiwai kino a me nā hopena o ke kaiapuni - ʻaʻole i loaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka kokoke o ka polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) i ka hemolele ma mua o ka nui.
Ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka pau ʻole ʻana i kā lākou huahana e pau ana i ka pae ʻāina a me nā moana, ua koi ʻia nā mea hana polymer synthetic e lawe i ke kuleana. He nui ka poʻe e hoʻonui hou i kā lākou hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana e pale aku i ka hoʻohewa ʻana. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia ʻōpala ma o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā plastic biodegradable bio-based e like me ka polylactic acid (PLA) a me ka polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), me ka manaʻolana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kūlohelohe i ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o ka ʻōpala.
Akā ʻo ka hana hou ʻana a me nā biopolymers ke kū nei i nā pilikia. No ka laʻana, ʻoiai he mau makahiki o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ke hana hou nei ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma lalo o 10 pakeneka o nā plastics. Aʻo nā polymers bio-based - pinepine nā huahana o ka fermentation - ke paʻakikī nei e hoʻokō i ka hana a me ka nui o nā polymers synthetic i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻololi.
Hoʻohui ʻo PBAT i kekahi o nā waiwai pono o nā polymers synthetic a me bio-based. Loaʻa ia mai nā huahana petrochemical maʻamau - refined terephthalic acid (PTA), butanediol a me adipic acid, akā hiki ke biodegradable. Ma ke ʻano he polymer synthetic, hiki ke hana maʻalahi ʻia, a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai kino e pono ai e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni maʻalahi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā plastics kuʻuna.
Ke piʻi nei ka hoihoi i ka PBAT. ʻO nā mea hana i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me Germany's BASF a me Italia's Novamont ke ʻike nei i ka nui o ka noi ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hānai ʻana i ka mākeke. Ua hui pū ʻia lākou e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā mea hana ʻĀsia e manaʻo nei e ulu ka ʻoihana no ka polymer i ka wā e koi ai nā aupuni kūloko i ka hoʻomau.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Marc Verbruggen, Luna Nui o ka mea hana PLA NatureWorks a i kēia manawa he kūkākūkā kūʻokoʻa, ʻo PBAT ka "huahana bioplastic maʻalahi a maʻalahi loa e hana" a manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia e lilo ana ʻo PBAT i bioplastic flexible preeminent, ʻO ia ma mua o ka poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) a me nā mea hoʻokūkū PHA. A ʻo ia paha ke kūlana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka PLA ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mea koʻikoʻi biodegradable plastics, kahi āna i ʻōlelo ai ke lilo nei ia i mea waiwai nui no nā noi paʻa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ramani Narayan, he loea o ka ʻenekinia kemika ma Michigan State University, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai nui o PBAT - kona biodegradability - mai nā mea paʻa ester, ma mua o ka iwi kalapona i loko o nā polymers non-degradable e like me polyethylene. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia nā paʻa Ester a hoʻopau ʻia e nā enzymes.
No ka laʻana, polylactic acid a me PHA nā polyesters e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wā e haki ai kā lākou mau mea paʻa ester. Akā ʻo ka polyester maʻamau - polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā fibers a me nā ʻōmole soda - ʻaʻole e wāwahi maʻalahi. No ka mea, no ka PTA ke apo ʻala o kona iwi. Wahi a Narayan, ʻo nā apo e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai i hana ʻia e PET hydrophobic. "ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka wai a hoʻolohi i ka hana hydrolysis holoʻokoʻa," wahi āna.
Hana ʻo Basf i ka polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), he polyester i hana ʻia mai ka butanediol. Ua ʻimi nā mea noiʻi o ka hui i kahi polymer biodegradable hiki iā lākou ke hana maʻalahi. Ua pani lākou i kekahi PTA ma PBT me ka adipose diacid glycolic acid. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻala o ka polymer i hiki ke lilo i biodegradable. I ka manawa like, lawa ka PTA e hāʻawi i ka polymer waiwai kino waiwai.
Manaʻo ʻo Narayan he ʻoi aku ka biodegradable o ka PBAT ma mua o ka PLA, e koi ana i ka compost ʻoihana e decompose. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokūkū me nā PHA i loaʻa i ke kālepa, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ma nā kaiapuni moana.
Hoʻohālikelike pinepine ka poʻe akamai i nā waiwai kino o ka PBAT i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kahi polymer elastic i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e like me nā ʻeke ʻōpala.
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ʻo PBAT me PLA, he polymer paʻa me nā waiwai like polystyrene. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka brand Ecovio o Basf ma kēia hui ʻana. No ka laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo Verbruggen he 85% PBAT a me 15% PLA ka ʻeke kūʻai compostable.
Hoʻohui ʻo Novamont i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka meaʻai. Hoʻohui ka hui i ka PBAT a me nā polyesters aliphatic aromatic biodegradable me ka starch e hana i nā resins no nā noi kikoʻī.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Stefano Facco, ka luna hoʻomohala ʻoihana hou o ka ʻoihana: "I nā makahiki he 30 i hala iho nei, ua kālele ʻo Novamont i nā noi kahi e hiki ai i nā hiki ke hoʻohui i ka waiwai i ka huahana ponoʻī. “
ʻO kahi mākeke nui no ka PBAT he mulch, kahi i hoʻolaha ʻia a puni nā mea kanu e pale ai i ka mauʻu a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻa. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻi polyethylene, pono e huki ʻia a kanu pinepine ʻia i loko o nā pae ʻāina. Akā hiki ke hoʻoulu pololei ʻia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni biodegradable i ka lepo.
ʻO kekahi mākeke nui ʻo nā ʻeke ʻōpala compostable no ka lawelawe meaʻai a me ka hōʻiliʻili home o nā meaʻai a me nā ʻōpala pā hale.
ʻO nā ʻeke mai nā hui e like me BioBag, i loaʻa hou iā Novamont, ua kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai no nā makahiki.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: 26-11-21