ʻO ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka plastic

1. He aha ka plastic?

ʻO nā plastics nā pūhui polymeric i hana ʻia mai ka monomer ma ke ʻano he mea maka ma o ka hoʻohui a condensation polymerization.

He photopolymer ke kaulahao polimer ina ua polymerized mai ka monomer hookahi. Inā nui nā monomers i loko o ke kaulahao polymer, he copolymer ka polymer. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he polymer ka plastic.

2. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā plastics

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics i nā plastic thermoplastic a me thermosetting plastics e like me ka mokuʻāina ma hope o ka wela.

ʻO ka plastic Thermosetting he plastic i loaʻa nā waiwai o ka hoʻomehana, hoʻōla a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia plastic i hoʻokahi wale nō.

Loaʻa maʻamau ka hana uila maikaʻi loa, a hiki ke kū i ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe.

Akā ʻo kona hemahema nui, ʻo ia ka lohi o ka hoʻoili ʻana a paʻakikī ka hana hou ʻana.

Aia kekahi mau plastic thermosetting maʻamau:

Phenol plastic (no ka ipu hao);

Melamine (hoʻohana ʻia i nā laminates plastic);

Epoxy resin (no nā mea hoʻopili);

polyester unsaturated (no ka hull);

Vinyl lipids (hoʻohana ʻia i nā kino kaʻa);

ʻO Polyurethane (no nā kapuaʻi a me nā pua).

ʻO ka Thermoplastic kahi ʻano plastic i malleable i kekahi mahana, paʻa ma hope o ka hoʻolili ʻana, a hiki ke hana hou i ke kaʻina hana.

No laila, hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā thermoplastics.

Hiki ke hana hou ʻia kēia mau mea a hiki i ʻehiku mau manawa ma mua o ka pōʻino o kā lākou hana.

3. Ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka plastik

Nui nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā plastics mai nā ʻāpana i nā huahana like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia:

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (ke ʻano hana maʻamau);

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōmole a me nā huahana hollow);

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (ka hana ʻana i nā paipu, nā paipu, nā profiles, nā kaula);

Puhi kiʻiʻoniʻoni (hana i nā ʻeke plastik);

Roll molding (hana ʻana i nā huahana hollow nui, e like me nā ipu, buoys);

ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka vacuum (ka hana ʻana i ka pahu, pahu pale)

4. Nā waiwai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastic plastic maʻamau

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā plastics i nā plastics maʻamau, nā plastic engineering, nā plastic engineering kūikawā a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka plastic maʻamau: pili i ka plastic i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ko mākou ola, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano plastik ka mea nui: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS a pēlā aku.

ʻO nā plastics ʻenekinia: nā plastics i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea ʻenekinia a ma ke ʻano he pani no ka metala i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana mīkini, etc.

ʻO nā plastics ʻenekinia he hana piha maikaʻi loa, rigidity kiʻekiʻe, kolo, ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, insulation uila maikaʻi, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kemika koʻikoʻi a me ke kino no ka manawa lōʻihi.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā plastik ʻenekinia maʻamau ʻelima: PA(polyamide), POM (polyformaldehyde), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate) a me PPO (polyphenyl ether) i nā kahua like ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana.

ʻO nā plastik ʻenekinia kūikawā: ʻo nā plastik ʻenekinia kūikawā e pili ana i kahi ʻano plastik ʻenekinia me ka hana piha kiʻekiʻe, ka hana kūikawā a me ka hana maikaʻi loa, a me ka mahana hoʻohana lōʻihi ma luna o 150 ℃. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea uila, uila, nā ʻoihana kūikawā a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

Aia nā polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketene (PEEK), polymer crystal liquid (LCP), kiʻekiʻe wela nylon (PPA), etc.

5. He aha ka plastic biodegradable?

ʻO nā plastics a mākou e hoʻohana mau ai he macromolecules kaulahao lōʻihi i polymerized nui a paʻakikī ke wehe ʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe. Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pōʻino i ka puhi ʻana a i ʻole ka pae ʻāina, no laila e ʻimi nā kānaka i nā plastic degradable e hōʻemi i ke kaomi kaiapuni.

Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā plastic degradable i nā plastic photodegradable a me nā plastic biodegradable.

ʻO nā plastik hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia: Ma lalo o ka hana o ke kukui ultraviolet a me ka wela, ua haki ke kaulahao polymer i loko o ka hale palaki, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hōʻino.

ʻO nā plastic biodegradable: Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, na nā microorganism i loko o ke ʻano e uhaʻi i nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā hale polymer, a ma hope e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻāpana plastik a hoʻololi ʻia e nā microorganism i loko o ka wai a me ke kalapona kalapona.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā plastic degradable me ka ʻoihana kūʻai maikaʻi e komo pū me PLA, PBAT, etc